GILGAL

Gilgal

gil´gal (גּלגּל, gilgāl, “circle”; Γάλγαλα, Gálgala): The article is always with the name except in Jos_5:9. There are three places to which the name is attached:
(1) The first camp of Israel after crossing the Jordan (Jos_4:19; Jos_5:9, Jos_5:10; Jos_9:6; Jos_10:7; Jos_14:6; Jos_15:7; Deu_11:30). According to Jos_15:7 it lay to the North of the valley of Achor, which formed the border between Judah and Benjamin. Here 12 memorial stones taken from the bed of the river were set up by Joshua, after the miraculous crossing of the Jordan; and here (Jos_5:5) the people were circumcised preparatory to their possession of the land, when it is said in Josh, with a play upon the word, “This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you.” Whereupon the Passover was celebrated (Jos_5:10) and the manna ceased (Jos_5:12). To Gilgal the ark returned every day after having compassed the city of Jericho during its siege (Jos_6:11). Hither the Gibeonites came to make their treaty (Jos_9:3), and again (Jos_10:6) to ask aid against the Amorites. Gilgal was still the headquarters of the Israelites after the battle with the Amorites (Jos_10:15); again after Joshua's extensive victorious campaign in the hill country of Judea extending to Kadesh-barnea and Gaza (Jos_10:15); and still later upon his return from the great battle at the Waters of Merom (Jos_14:6). At the conclusion of the conquest (Jos_18:1), the headquarters were transferred to Shiloh on the summit of the mountain ridge to the West.
Gilgal reappears frequently in subsequent history. Samuel (1Sa_7:16) made it one of the three places where he annually held circuit court, the other places being Bethel and Mizpah. The Septuagint text adds that these were holy places. The place continued as one of special resort for sacrifices (1Sa_10:8; 1Sa_13:8, 1Sa_13:9, 1Sa_13:10; 1Sa_15:21), while it was here that Samuel hewed Agag to pieces before the Lord (1Sa_15:33), and that Saul was both crowned (1Sa_11:14, 1Sa_11:15) and rejected as king. It was at Gilgal, also (2Sa_19:15), that the people assembled to welcome David as he returned from his exile beyond Jordan during Absalom's rebellion. The early prophets refer to Gilgal as a center of idolatry in their day (Hos_4:15; Hos_9:15; Hos_12:11; Amo_4:4; Amo_5:5). Micah (Mic_6:5) represents Gilgal as at the other end of the Dead Sea from Shittim.
In 1874 Conder recognized the name Gilgal as surviving in Birket Jiljúlieh, a pool beside a tamarisk tree 3 miles East of old Jericho. The pool measures 100 ft. by 84, and is surrounded with a wall of roughly hewn stones. North of the pool Bliss discovered lines of masonry 300 yds. long, representing probably the foundations of an ancient monastery. South of the pool there are numerous mounds scattered over an area of one-third of a square mile, the largest being 50 feet in diameter, and 10 feet in height. On excavation some pottery and glass were found. These ruins are probably those of early Christian occupation, and according to Conder there is nothing against their marking the original site. Up to the Middle Ages the 12 stones of Joshua were referred to by tradition.
(2) According to 2Ki_2:1; 2Ki_4:38, Elisha for a time made his headquarters at Gilgal, a place in the mountains not far from Bethel identified by Conder as Jiljilia, standing on a high hill on the North side of the Wādy el-Jib. It is lower than Bethel, but the phrase in 2Ki_2:2, “they went down to Beth-el,” may refer to their initial descent into the wādy. It could not have been said that they went down from Gilgal to Bethel in the Jordan valley. The place seems to be referred to in Neh_12:29 as Beth-gilgal.
(3) Gilgal of the nations: In Jos_12:23 Gilgal is mentioned as a royal city associated with Dor, evidently upon the maritime plain. Dor is identified with Tantura, while Conder identifies this Gilgal with Jiljúlieh, 30 miles South of Dor and 4 miles North of Anti-patris.